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Genetic testing involves analyzing a person's DNA to identify genetic variations that may affect health, disease risk, or traits.

Genetic counseling is a process where a trained professional helps individuals understand and make informed decisions about genetic testing, results, and implications for health.

Genetic testing can help identify inherited conditions, assess disease risk, and provide insight into health management.

There are several types, including tests for inherited conditions, cancer risk, pharmacogenomics (drug response), ancestry, and whole-genome sequencing.

Genetic testing typically involves collecting a sample, usually saliva or blood, which is analyzed in a lab to identify specific genetic markers.

Genetic tests are generally accurate, but no test is perfect. False positives and false negatives can occur, so results should be discussed with a healthcare provider.

Yes, genetic testing is non-invasive and safe. It only requires a sample of saliva, blood, or cheek cells.

Some genetic tests require a healthcare provider's referral, while others are available directly to consumers, especially in the case of wellness or ancestry tests.

You can get genetic counseling through a healthcare provider or directly from a genetic counseling service, either in person or virtually.

During a session, the counselor will review your medical and family history, discuss potential genetic risks, explain testing options, and help interpret the results.

The cost of genetic testing varies widely depending on the test type, insurance coverage, and healthcare provider. Some tests can range from $100 to several thousand dollars.

Many insurance plans cover genetic testing, particularly if it is medically necessary. It's important to check with your provider beforehand to confirm coverage.

Genetic testing can identify individuals at higher risk for certain conditions, allowing for early monitoring, lifestyle changes, or preventive treatments.

Whole-genome sequencing is a comprehensive test that analyzes the entire DNA sequence to identify genetic variations that could influence health or disease.

While genetic testing can assess disease risk, it doesn't provide certainty. Environmental factors and lifestyle choices also play significant roles in health outcomes.

Risks include emotional stress, privacy concerns, or potential discrimination based on genetic information, though laws like GINA (Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act) offer some protections.

Diagnostic testing is used to confirm a suspected condition, while predictive testing assesses the risk of developing a condition in the future.

No, genetic tests can only detect conditions that are linked to known genetic mutations or markers. Many diseases are influenced by complex interactions between genes and the environment.

Carrier screening tests individuals for inherited genetic mutations that could be passed on to their children, even if they don't show symptoms of the condition.

Being a carrier means you carry one copy of a gene mutation for a recessive disorder but typically don't have symptoms. If your partner is also a carrier, your child may be at risk.

Pharmacogenomics involves genetic testing to understand how your genetic makeup affects your response to medications, helping to personalize treatments.

Ancestry DNA tests can provide insights into ethnic heritage and geographical origins, though results are based on statistical probabilities and are not 100% definitive.

Yes, certain genetic tests can identify mutations linked to an increased risk of cancers such as breast, ovarian, and colon cancer (e.g., BRCA1 and BRCA2).

Ethical concerns may include privacy, consent, discrimination, and the potential emotional impact of test results, especially if they involve serious health risks.

Under the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), it is illegal for employers to discriminate based on genetic information.

A positive result means you may be at increased risk for certain conditions. A genetic counselor can help you understand the implications and next steps for monitoring or preventive care.

Yes, genetic testing can identify traits such as eye color, hair texture, and even some aspects of personality, though not all genetic traits are well understood.

Many insurance plans cover genetic counseling when it's medically necessary. Verify with your insurance company before seeking services.

Bring relevant medical records, family history information, and any prior test results. Your counselor will guide you through the process.

Genetic testing can provide insights into age-related conditions like Alzheimer's, but it doesn't predict exact aging patterns, as many factors influence the aging process.

A genetic mutation is a change or alteration in the DNA sequence that can impact health or development.

Gene therapy involves modifying or replacing defective genes to treat or prevent diseases. It is an emerging field and not yet widely available for clinical use.

Somatic testing looks for mutations in tumor cells and is often used in cancer treatment, while germline testing looks for mutations in the reproductive cells and can be inherited.

Some genetic tests can provide insights into the genetic predisposition to mental health conditions, though they are not definitive and do not account for environmental factors.

Yes, genetic information can have implications for your relatives, as they may share genetic risks. Family members may also benefit from genetic counseling or testing.

Yes, many genetic tests are designed to identify rare inherited diseases. These tests are often part of specialized or research-based programs.

Many companies provide online access to results through a secure portal. Your healthcare provider or genetic counselor can help interpret them.

A genetic predisposition means you have an inherited genetic variant that increases your risk of developing a particular disease or condition.

While it's not required, genetic counseling can help interpret at-home test results, especially if they indicate increased health risks or unclear findings.

Inconclusive results may require additional testing or follow-up with a genetic counselor to determine the next steps.

Yes, genetic testing is voluntary, and you can choose whether to participate or not.

Preconception genetic testing is done before pregnancy to assess the risk of passing on inherited genetic conditions to a child.

Actionable results are findings that can directly influence medical care or preventive strategies, such as identifying a high risk for a certain condition.

A genetic counselor provides expert advice on genetic testing, interprets results, and helps with decision-making about treatment and prevention options.

Yes, you can test for a specific gene mutation, especially if you have a known family history or risk for a particular condition.

No, genetic tests only detect diseases that have been identified with known genetic markers. New mutations are continually being discovered.

A negative result means you are not at increased risk for the condition, but it does not guarantee you will never develop the condition, as other factors may be involved.

Genetic testing can help identify potential genetic causes of infertility, especially if there is a known family history of reproductive issues.

No, genetic testing is personalized based on your medical history, family background, and health concerns.

It’s best to interpret your results with the help of a genetic counselor or healthcare provider who can explain the implications and next steps.
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